Name

ls - list directory contents

Synopsis

$ ls [options...] [path...]

Description

ls lists directory contents and attributes.

If no path argument is provided the current working directory is used.

Options

• --help: Display this message
• -a, --all: Show dotfiles
• -A: Do not list implied . and .. directories
• -B, --ignore-backups: Do not list implied entries ending with ~
• -F, --classify: Append a file type indicator to entries
• -d, --directory: List directories themselves, not their contents
• -l, --long: Display long info
• -t: Sort files by timestamp
• -r, --reverse: Reverse sort order
• -G: Use pretty colors
• -i, --inode: Show inode ids
• -n, --numeric-uid-gid: In long format, display numeric UID/GID
• -o, In long format, do not show group information
• -h, --human-readable: Print human-readable sizes
• -K, --no-hyperlinks: Disable hyperlinks
• -R, --recursive: List subdirectories recursively

Arguments

• path: Directory to list

Examples

# List contents of working directory
$ ls
# List contents of working directory including hidden dot files
$ ls -la
# List contents of working directory and its subdirectories
$ ls -R
# List contents of /etc/ directory
$ ls /etc
# List contents of /etc/ directory including hidden dot files
$ ls -la /etc